A 26 YEAR OLD WITH SHORTNESS OF BREATH AND COUGH

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here we discuss our individual patient problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve this patients clinical problems with collective current best evidence based inputs.

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of "patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical finding investigations and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan.

CHEIF COMPLAINTS:

.shortness of breath since 1 month.
 . cough since 7 days.
. fever since 5 days.
.Bilateral pedal oedema since 5 days 

HOPI:

Patients was apparently asymptomatic 1 month back then developed dyspnoea  which was gradually progressive. patient was also feeling dyspneic while consuming food. patient was also feeling breathlessness after walking a short distance. he has grade 3 dyspnoea according to mmrc. Initially grade 2 then developed gradually.  not associated with any palpitation and orthopnoea. 
it was relived on resting and aggregated while doing work.
. patient also developed cough since 7 days(3.12.22) which was productive and intermittent in nature. patient told that he was coughing severely. initially started as dry cough then developed into productive cough.
he also had an episode of haemoptysis during this 7 days which was mild in nature.
. he also had fever which was of high grade and intermittent in nature since 5 days(5.12.22)
fever is of low grade  associated with sweating mainly during the morning times. it is intermittent in nature which raises gradually during the evening times.
.patient also noticed bilateral pedal oedema which was putting in nature. 


past history:

Patient is a known case of Hypertension since 10 years(2012) initially he was given medication but stopped after a few years since he was suffering from hypotension. 

but since 3 years (2019)he again started taking metoprolol on advice from a local doctor after health-check up.

he is taking metoprolol 3 times a day.

patient not a known case of diabetes. 

no history of TB, Asthama, epilepsy 

SURGICAL HISTORY 

Patient also has undergone nephrectomy procedure on the right kidney 10 years ago(2012) he was told that on checkup his kidney was bubbly and enlarged with cysts. has scars on the flanks(surgery)

patient had complaint of voiding of urine 5 months ago(july 2022), from then he was advised to undergo dialysis on day care basis. 





PERSONAL HISTORY:

Mixed diet

Appetite - decreased

Regular bowl and  irregular bladder movement

no allergies

no h/o alcohol and smoking



FAMILY HISTORY:

. not significant.

GENERAL EXAMINATION:

Patient is conscious coherent cooperative well oriented to time place and person
14.12.22.
BP: 190/100.
PULSE: 82 BPM normal rhythm and volume.
RESPIRATORY RATE: 30
TEMPERATURE: Afebrile.
PALLOR: PRESENT


Icterus - absent 

Clubbing - absent 

Lymphadenopathy - absent

EdemaBilateral pedal oedema since 5 days 



Patient had again been followed up and vitals where checked on 17.12.22.

BLOOD PRESSURE:180/100

Temperate: afebrile 

Respiratory rate: 33 cycles per min 

Pulse:120 bpm 


Systemic examination:

Respiratory system

EXAMINATION OF CHEST:
INSPECTION: 
SHAPE OF CHEST: NORMAL
TRACHEA POSITION CENTRAL.
apical impulse present at 4th intercoastal place.
movements of chest:
respiratory rate:30 cpm
skin over chest: no engorged vein, intercostal drainage scar present.


PALPATION 


• All the inspectory findings are confirmed , 
• Trachea is in central position, no deviation 
• Movements  are decreased ( Rt > lft ) 
• Apex beat felt in Left 5th ICS , 1 cm lateral to the midclavicular line 
• Vocal fremitus decreased in all areas of left side

PERCUSSION 

• Dull note heard in all areas of left side 
• Resonant heard in all other areas 

AUSCULTATION 

• Decreased air entry from left side 
• Normal vesicular breath sounds + 
• Breath sounds decreased in  all auscultatory areas on left side .


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 

INSPECTION 

• Chest is Elliptical and bilaterally Symmetrical
• Trachea - Centre 
• JVP - Normal 
• Transverse diameter > Anterio posterior diameter.
• No scars and sinuses 

PALPATION 

• All the inspectory findings are confirmed , 
• Trachea is in centre 
• Movements are decreased on left side 
• Apex beat felt in Left 6 th ICS , 1 cm lateral to the midclavicular line .

AUSCULTATION 

• S1S2 Heard 
• No Murmurs 

PER ABDOMEN  

• Scaphoid 
• No engorged veins , sinuses , scars 
• No visible epigastric pulsations 
• Soft and Tender +
• No organomegaly 
• Tympanic note heard all over abdomen 
• Bowel sounds +

CNS 

• HMF - Intact 
• Speech - Normal
• No signs of Meningeal irritation
• No Focal neural deficit  
• Sensory and motor system - Normal 
• Cranial nerve - Intact 
• Reflexes - Normal 
• Gait - Normal 
• Cerebellum - Normal 



PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS 

AKI on CKD 
Left sided pleural effusion 

INVESTIGATIONS
 
                         

                              

                                

                                  

                    

                               USG


                              GRBS



        HBsAg 

                        Blood Group 


LEFT PLEURAL EFFUSION 



PLEURAL FLUID ANALYSIS 






Lights criteria

  • Effusion protein/serum protein ratio greater than 0.5.  4.5/5.6 = 0.8
  • Effusion lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/serum LDH ratio greater than 0.6. 
  • Effusion LDH level greater than two-thirds the upper limit of the laboratory's reference range of serum LDH.
INFERENCE - Exudative pleural effusion. 
 

                                 
                          POST ICD 


               CBNAAT REPORT 


                   TREATMENT:
Patient has undergone ICD since 14.12.22.
Patient has undergone two dialysis session since 13.12.22 to 16.12.22.

Patient has seen drop off in saturation levels and increase in blood pressure from 15.12.22(night)
16.12.22
He was sent for dialysis but still the levels where not improving so was supplemented with oxygen ventilation and also nitric oxide infusion.




PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS :
AKI on CKD 
Left sided pleural effusion 

















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